ABSTRACT
Objective Cystatin C (CysC) is a cysteine protease inhibitor,is widely expressed in human eukaryotic cells,CysC involved in diabetic nephropathy,retinopathy,peripheral vascular disease and type 2 diabetes,insulin resistance occurs Development,as a predictor of type 2 diabetes and complications
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of fenofibrate (Fen) on acute focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice and its mechanisms. METHODS: Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice for 90min and then reperfusion. Fen (10, 80 mg · kg-1) was intragastrically administered at the same time of reperfusion and 2 h after reperfusion respectively. The neurological deficit score, infarct volume and brain edema degree were determined 24 h after reperfusion. At the same time the expression of PPARα mRNA in brain tissue was measured by real-time RT-PCR. The contents of maiondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain tissue were measured by biochemical assay. The disruption of blood-brain barrier(BBB) was evaluated by the extravasations of Evans Blue (EB). MK886, an antagonist of PPARα receptor, was used to investigate the involvement of PPARα in the protective effect of Fen. RESULETS: Fen (80 mg · kg-1) ameliorated neurological function, reduced infarct volume, attenuated brain edema degree, decreased the extravasations of EB, increased the expression of PPARα mRNA, and attenuated the lipid peroxidation in brain tissues. MK886 abolished the protective effect of Fen. CONCLUSION: Fen has protective effect against acute focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice by increasing the expression of PPARα mRNA and reducing lipid peroxidation in brain tissue.
ABSTRACT
This paper is to report the development of a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of s-oleylpropanolamide (OPA) in various tissues of rat (brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, small intestine, kidney, adipose tissue and muscle), and to assess the applicability of the assay to tissue distribution. OPA was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method with undecylenoylethanolamide as an internal standard. The concentrations of OPA were determined by LC-MS/MS after a single intragastric dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) at 4 time points (5 rats per group). With multiple reactions monitoring mode (MRM) the limit of quantification (LLOQ) was determined at 1 microg x L(-1). The calibration curve was linear from 1 to 2 x 104 microg x L(-1) (r > or = 0.999 0) for tissue homogenates. Validation parameters such as accuracy, precision and recovery were found to be within the acceptance criteria of the assay validation guidelines. The highest concentration was found in small intestine (the highest time point is 15 min) and heart (the highest time point is 90 min). The assay is rapid, sensitive and applicable to studying tissue distribution of OPA in rats.
ABSTRACT
This paper is to report the development of a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of s-oleylpropanolamide (OPA) in various tissues of rat (brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, small intestine, kidney, adipose tissue and muscle), and to assess the applicability of the assay to tissue distribution. OPA was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method with undecylenoylethanolamide as an internal standard. The concentrations of OPA were determined by LC-MS/MS after a single intragastric dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) at 4 time points (5 rats per group). With multiple reactions monitoring mode (MRM) the limit of quantification (LLOQ) was determined at 1 microg x L(-1). The calibration curve was linear from 1 to 2 x 104 microg x L(-1) (r > or = 0.999 0) for tissue homogenates. Validation parameters such as accuracy, precision and recovery were found to be within the acceptance criteria of the assay validation guidelines. The highest concentration was found in small intestine (the highest time point is 15 min) and heart (the highest time point is 90 min). The assay is rapid, sensitive and applicable to studying tissue distribution of OPA in rats.